The history of pharmacy is a fascinating chapter that dates back to the Arabs of the 2nd century, pioneers in the art of creating medicines. Their innovative techniques of distillation, plant extraction and mixing of substances gave rise to pharmacies, where apothecaries and apothecaries, true masters in the manipulation of medicines, served everyone from the local population to royalty. In ancient times, there was no distinction between doctors and pharmacists, and the same professional was responsible for diagnosing illnesses and preparing the necessary medicines. This separation was only made official around the 12th century.
Pharmacies were not just places to sell medicines; they were true centers of knowledge and wisdom. Apothecaries not only prepared medicines, but also uncovered the secrets of medicinal plants, accumulating vast knowledge about their properties and therapeutic uses. In addition, these places became meeting places where people sought cures and advice on health and well-being, transforming apothecaries into trusted and respected advisors in their communities.
Apothecaries’ expertise was not limited to the preparation of medicines; they were consulted to create personalized mixtures, tailoring treatments to the individual needs of patients. This personalized approach to medicine and their ability to understand the different effects of substances have contributed to the reputation and trust placed in these professionals over the centuries.
In addition to providing medicines, apothecaries were places of learning where pharmacy students could hone their skills by following the teachings of master apothecaries. These establishments played a vital role in the preservation and dissemination of pharmaceutical knowledge, profoundly influencing the practice of pharmacy throughout history.
Along the way, notable figures such as Hippocrates (460 BC) and Galen (XNUMXnd century) left a crucial legacy. Hippocrates, the notable Greek physician, not only introduced ethical principles but also profoundly influenced pharmacy with his practical approach. Galen, considered the father of pharmacy, considerably expanded medical and pharmaceutical knowledge, shaping the pharmaceutical practice we know today.
The very origin of the word “pharmacy”, from the Greek “pharmakon”, illustrates the duality of substances as medicine or poison, a duality present throughout the history of pharmacology. The emblematic symbol of the cup with a coiled serpent, originating from Greek mythology, represents power and healing, reflecting the essence of the pharmaceutical profession.
In Brazil
Brazil had its first foray into pharmacy with the arrival of Diogo de Castro in 1549, brought from Portugal by governor Thomé de Souza, appointed by the Portuguese crown. Diogo de Castro is considered the first apothecary in the country. However, it was only in 1839 that Brazil established its first pharmacy school, the Escola de Farmácia in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. This institution was a crucial milestone, elevating pharmaceutical practice to a new level of professionalism in the country.
Hospital Pharmacy
The evolution of pharmacy has also embraced hospital pharmacy over the centuries, focusing on the preparation and distribution of medicines in hospital settings. Over the centuries, hospital pharmacy has evolved to become a fundamental pillar in medical care, contributing significantly to the recovery and health of hospitalized patients. This practice remains an essential element in modern healthcare, ensuring the integrity and effectiveness of treatments in hospital settings.
Pharmacy Professional
The regulation of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil was established through Decree 20.377/1931 and Law 3.820/1960, which gave rise to the Federal Pharmacy Council (CFF) and the Regional Pharmacy Councils (CRF). These laws were fundamental to structuring the pharmaceutical field, establishing standards and guidelines that guide the practice and regulation of the profession in the country.
Commemorative dates such as National Pharmacy Day (August 5), National Pharmacist Day (January 20) and International Pharmacist Day (September 25), the latter established by the International Federation of Pharmacists (FIP), recognize the importance of these professionals in public and private health in health organizations. The XNUMXth century witnessed impressive advances in pharmacy. New drugs were developed, regulations became stricter and scientific research gained focus to improve treatments. This technical, social and scientific evolution shaped contemporary pharmaceutical practice, a field in constant transformation and innovation for the well-being of society.
Looking ahead, the opportunities for pharmacists are vast and exciting. With technological advances, genomics and personalized medicine, a horizon of discovery and innovation opens up. Pharmacy is constantly changing, and pharmacists are at the forefront of this evolution, ready to embrace new challenges and shape an even brighter future for healthcare. Their role as public health stewards will continue to grow, always dedicated to improving the quality of life for people in all communities. Thus, the history of pharmacy is an inspiring journey of resilience, learning and commitment, with a future full of possibilities for pharmacists to continue to make a difference in people’s lives.
